Earth's crust ranges from 5 to 70 kilometers in thickness and serves as the planet's outermost layer. This thin shell represents less than one percent of Earth's total mass, yet it's the only layer we ...

Finland's river crystals hold clues about the formation of 'Scandinavia's' oldest bedrock 3.75 billion years ago. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here ...

Scientists show that remnants of the roots of Earth's first crust are still present in the terrestrial mantle and contribute to magmas erupted at the surface over Earth's history. In an international ...

The crust has survived massive amounts of upheaval and change. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. A 4-billion-year-old piece of ...

James is a published author with multiple pop-history and science books to his name. He specializes in history, space, strange science, and anything out of the ordinary.View full profile James is a ...

The magnetized rocks of Earth's crust and mantle, also known as the upper lithosphere, accounts for generating 6 percent of ...

Earth’s continental crust may have begun forming hundreds of millions of years earlier than previously thought, Yale scientists say — and the reason will be obvious to anyone who has ever baked a cake ...

Earth’s journey through the Milky Way might have helped create the planet’s first continents. Comets may have bombarded Earth every time the early solar system traveled through our galaxy’s spiral ...

“To see a world in a grain of sand,” the opening sentence of the poem by William Blake, is an oft-used phrase that also captures some of what geologists do. We observe the composition of mineral ...

In July 2019, a series of earthquakes including two major shocks of magnitude 6.4 and 7.1 a day apart struck near Ridgecrest, CA, between Los Angeles and Las Vegas. For local residents, it was a ...

Spotted Lake is a soda lake that evaporates every summer, leaving a white crust with circular brine pools that can appear ...