Four letters - A, C, G and T - stand in for the four chemical bases that store information in DNA. A sequence of these same four letters, repeating in a particular order, genetically defines an ...

For decades, biology has relied on one central assumption: the genetic code is precise. DNA is transcribed into RNA, RNA is ...

The genetic code is a set of rules defining how the four-letter code of DNA is translated into the 20-letter code of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. The genetic code is a set ...

IT IS one of the fundamental principles of life. DNA makes RNA, and each three-letter “codon” of RNA is an instruction to include one of 20 different amino acids in a protein chain. Not for much ...

In an ongoing effort to push the limits of genetic engineering, researchers have created a bacterium that can incorporate artificial amino acids into its proteins and do so by breaking a fundamental ...