In process automation, an alarm is defined as an audible and/or visible means of indicating to the operator an equipment malfunction, process deviation, or abnormal condition requiring an operator ...

Replacing a legacy control system affords the opportunity to consolidate multiple operator control stations. Experience shows some key considerations will increase the chances of success. Troy DeHart ...

Elements of operator performance are complicated, so look to standards and best practices to guide improvements. Operator Performance (OP) is a large topic and can be a very difficult subject to ...

In this article, as in industry, advanced process control (APC) refers primarily to multi-variable control. Multivariable control means adjusting multiple single-loop controllers in unison, to meet ...

As the power industry makes the shift from analog to digital control systems, power utilities are redesigning their control rooms to accommodate the digital control upgrades. The new technology has ...

Operates and monitors refinery process units (e.g., crude/vacuum, hydrotreating, reforming, FCC, alkylation, isomerization, utilities, tank farm) to meet production ...

It’s a bit of a stretch to realize zero human interaction in the operation of heavy construction equipment. However, make no mistake. The move is on to make it happen. “Part of the problem involves ...

1.1 Typical schedules (e.g., rotating 12-hour shifts) add 10%–30% overtime plus shift differentials ($1.50–$3.00/hr). 1.2 Rough annualization: \( \text{Annual Base} = \text{Hourly} \times 2{,}080 \).